Behavior of methyl isothiocyanate in soils under field conditions in Morocco

The behavior of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), active metabolite of metam–sodium (MS), was studied under field conditions in Morocco. MS was applied through drip irrigation in: (i) uncovered soil, (ii) soil covered with transparent polyethylene, and (iii) soil covered with virtual impermeable film. Concentrations of MITC were determined at different soil depths to determine the distribution of MITC and the concentration–time product (CTP). Six hours after MS application, in a sandy soil, MITC reaches the 20–30 cm soil layer, but remains highly concentrated in the upper 10–20 cm soil layer. In a silty clay soil, MITC was concentrated in the upper 0–10 cm soil layer. The dissipation of MITC under different conditions of application was fast and complete after seven days. However, MITC dissipation time (DT50) was <24 h in sandy soil treated, but 63 h in silty clay soil. Under these application conditions of MS, the plastic film reduced MITC loss to the atmosphere but the plastic film quality did not affect the behavior of MITC. The use of plastic film maintained high MITC concentrations and appropriate CTP at different soil depths.