Coadsorption of carbofuran and lead at the air/water interface. Possible occurrence of non-volatile pollutant cotransfer to the atmosphere

The weak solubility of carbofuran allows adsorption at the air/water interface. Carbofuran-rich layers can then induce the coadsorption of metallic salts such as lead nitrate; on the other hand, when carbofuran is missing, no adsorption of this salt takes place. This phenomenon was quantitatively studied through surface tension measurements under concentration conditions close to the environmental ones. Heavy metal salt adsorbed about ten times more than carbofuran. Evidence was then provided that the simultaneous presence of both pollutants in water favours their adsorption and passing from water to the atmosphere through mechanisms such as bubbling.