Characterization of organic compounds in aerosol particles from a coniferous forest by GC–MS

Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected in a Finnish Scots pine forest as part of a European Union project. Sampling was done in March–April 2003 with a high-volume sampler. Dynamic ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were applied to the analysis of aerosol samples for analytes such as n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs), sesquiterpenes (SQT) and oxidized sesquiterpenes (oxy-SQT). The highest concentrations were found for the n-alkanes, which were present in a wide range (C11–C32) indicating both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. PAH compounds were found in every sample while oxy-PAH compounds were present in low concentrations in a few samples. A few oxidized monoterpenes, most notably (−)-verbenone and pinonaldehyde, were found in several samples in concentrations clearly exceeding the PAH concentrations. The effect of temperature could be seen in most samples, where the concentrations of n-alkanes declined with decreasing temperatures. Particle formation events were accompanied by higher concentrations of heavy n-alkanes, verbenone and pinonaldehyde.