Industrial waste minimization initiatives in Thailand: concepts, examples and pilot scale trials

Industrial waste pollution control is a major issue in waste management. To comply with the specific effluent standards, industries are forced to treat their waste before discharge. This is neither a cost effective nor an environmentally friendly solution. The first part of this paper presents different techniques by which the waste minimization can be achieved with examples. The second part of the paper highlights the waste minimization efforts made in three different types of industries, namely paper and pulp, tapioca starch and palm oil.