Present-day biosiliceous sedimentation in the northwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica

Sedimentological and oceanographic inferences have been obtained for the NW Ross Sea using sedimentary 210Pb as a tracer together with determinations of biogenic silica and organic carbon. 210Pb chronologies give apparent accumulation rates ranging between 14 and 80 mg cm−2 yr−1 (0.02–0.12 cm yr−1) in the shelf basins. Even if a profile of 210Pb is present in sediments from the top of the banks, here sediment accumulation rate is practically null, and physical mixing is responsible for the downward transport of fine particles and associated 210Pb. The accuracy of 210Pb-derived accumulation rates is discussed with respect to 14C dates. The annual rate of biogenic accumulation from 210Pb appears to be ca. 8 times higher than the value derived using radiocarbon. Bioturbation is probably responsible for the discrepancy but also temporal and spatial variations in opal accumulation play a key-role. Contrasting measured and expected inventories of 210Pb, a residence time of about 50 years has been tentatively estimated for the water in the NW Ross Sea. Furthermore, the data suggest that the pattern of present-day biosiliceous sediment accumulation in the Ross Sea is mainly driven by biogenic silica production in the water column, the SW area being the most productive part of the Ross Sea, by high sediment accumulation rate which enhances the seabed preservation, and by hydrodynamics, which is so effective to resuspend fine biogenic particles from the topographic highs. Resuspended particles are then deposited onto the flanks. The material which accumulates in the central part of the basins derives basically from primary production and settling through the water column.