Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture: application in Malta

Landscape ecology has the potential to contribute towards a holistic approach in landscape architecture. Such an approach can simultaneously inform, guide and inspire designers towards landscapes that are environmentally sustainable as well as being culturally and aesthetically appropriate. This paper reviews two possible ways in which landscape ecology can advance landscape architecture: (a) by providing a holistic and dynamic framework that contributes towards an alternative landscape design (e.g. ecological landscape design); and (b) by establishing the scientific knowledge (e.g. landscape heterogeneity, biological and ecological diversity and ecological networks) that can inform the design process at the local and regional levels. Both contributions were tested at the Bahrija Project in Malta. The methodology of ecological design is applied, initially to allow for a comprehensive understanding of the local landscape, and subsequently to assist in the formulation of a preliminary landscape master plan. The paper argues that conservation policies should necessarily be complemented with a proactive approach, which can accommodate the needs of contemporary development while ensuring the protection of natural and cultural resources.