Highly tunable large-core single-mode liquid-crystal photonic bandgap fiber

We demonstrate a highly tunable photonic bandgap fiber, which has a large-core diameter of 25 (mu)m and an effective mode area of 440 (mu)m^2. The tunability is achieved by infiltrating the air holes of a photonic crystal fiber with an optimized liquid-crystal mixture having a large temperature gradient of the refractive indices at room temperature. A bandgap tuning sensitivity of 27 nm/°C is achieved at room temperature. The insertion loss is estimated to be less than 0.5 dB and caused mainly by coupling loss between the index-guided mode and the bandgap-guided mode.