Representation of internal plume structure in Giffordʹs meandering plume model

Giffordʹs (1959. Advances in Geophysics 6, 117–138) meandering plume model is extended to account for internal plume structure. The applicability of the model is thereby extended to include the near field of large sources and the far field. Agreement with measured root-mean-square fluctuating concentrations of scalars dispersing from elevated compact-area and line sources into surface layers with neutral stability is shown to be as good or better than that obtained with Giffordʹs model.