Line source emission modelling Review Article

Line source emission modelling is an important tool in control and management of vehicular exhaust emissions (VEEs) in urban environment. The US Environmental Protection Agency and many other research institutes have developed a number of line source models (LSMs) to describe temporal and spatial distribution of VEEs on roadways. Most of these models are either deterministic and/or statistical in nature. This paper presents a review of LSMs used in carrying out dispersion studies of VEEs, based on deterministic, numerical, statistical and artificial neural network techniques. The limitations associated with deterministic and statistical approach are also discussed.