Inventory of SO2, PM and toxic metals emissions from industrial sources in Greater Mumbai, India

A comprehensive and spatial emission inventory was carried out for sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) and toxic metals from industrial sources in Greater Mumbai, India. Fuel consumption database was developed for industrial sources. Emission factors for various pollutants were compiled from the literature, scrutinized and used appropriately as applicable under Indian conditions. Emissions of SO2, PM and toxic metals were estimated for 2001–02 and extrapolated to 2010. SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion covering 215 point sources for 2001–02 were computed as 55.591 Gg y−1 whereas those for PM were calculated as 9.794 Gg y−1. The total metal emissions from industrial sources were computed as 0.375 Gg y−1. Total fossil fuel energy consumption in industrial sector during 2001–02 was 145 PJ, which included fuel consumption (29%) in power plants. Amongst the industries, thermal power plants (TPP) were the major source of emissions in the region contributing 27% share towards SO2, 19% PM and 62% metals. Projected scenario for 2010 indicates that there would be substantial reduction in PM and metal emission load while the gaseous pollutant concentration would show a decreasing trend.