Heterogeneous redox catalysis: A novel route for removing bromate ions from water

The oxidation of water to oxygen by bromate ions is mediated by the heterogeneous redox catalyst ruthenium-Adams, a high surface area and very stable form of ruthenium(IV) oxide. The initial kinetics of catalysis are investigated as a function of [BrO−3], [Ru-Adams], temperature and [anion], where “anion” = ClO−4, Cl− or Br−. An electrochemical model of heterogeneous redox catalysis, in which the two participating redox couples are both electrochemically irreversible, is used to interpret most of the kinetic data. The observed inhibition of the initial rate of the redox reaction by Cl− and, especially, Br− ions is tentatively attributed to competitive adsorption. In the presence of organic species, such as methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol, which are more easily oxidised than water by bromate ions, the rate of BrO−3 ion reduction is significantly faster, i.e. ca 24–34 times.