Phosphorus removal using cow bone in hydroxyapatite crystallization

The applicability of cow bone as a seed material in hydroxyapatite crystallization was investigated in this research. Seed crystal used for the experiments was prepared by the calcination of cow bone. The effects of initial calcium concentration, pH, alkalinity, reaction temperature condition, and calcination temperature were examined for synthetic solution by batch experiment. The experimental results showed that a good phosphorus removal could be achieved by cow bone crystal seeding. The phosphorus removal rate with various calcium concentrations and pHs could be predicted from high relationships between residual phosphorus concentration and pH (after reaction). The effects of alkalinity, reaction temperature condition, and calcination temperature were also examined by rate constant analysis.