The stability of predator–prey systems subject to the Allee effects

In recent years, many theoreticians and experimentalists have concentrated on the processes that affect the stability of predator–prey systems. But few papers have addressed the Allee effect with focus on the their stability. In this paper, we select two classical models describing predator–prey systems and introduce the Allee effects into the dynamics of both the predator and prey populations in these models, respectively. By combining mathematical analysis with numerical simulation, we have shown that the Allee effect may be a destabilizing force in predator–prey systems: the equilibrium point of the system could be changed from stable to unstable or otherwise, the system, even when it is stable, will take much longer time to reach the stable state. We also conclude that the equilibrium of the prey population will be enlarged due to the Allee effect of the predator, but the Allee effects of the prey may decrease the equilibrium value of the predator, or that of both the predator and prey. It should also be pointed out that the impact of the Allee effects of predator and prey due to different mechanisms on different predator–prey systems could also vary.