Factors associated with myocardial infarction after emergency endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high-risk patients: a prospective observational study

Background Because myocardial infarction (MI) after emergency endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding carries high mortality, we investigated factors associated with procedure-related MI in high-risk patients. Methods Consecutive patients with coronary artery disease or age-based risk for coronary artery disease (men, age >45 years; women, >55 years) who underwent emergency endoscopy were enrolled at a single ED. Demographic, laboratory, and outcome data were recorded. Patients fit 1 of 3 groups: MI before endoscopy (pre-panendoscopy [PES] MI), MI after endoscopy (post-PES MI), or non-MI. Results We enrolled 108 high-risk patients, including 5 (4.6%) with MI diagnosed preendoscopy. Five patients (4.6%) had MIs postendoscopy. Compared with non-MI patients, significantly more post-PES MI patients had heart disease (60.0% vs 12.2%; P = .021), lower systolic pressure on arrival (86.2 ± 16.6 vs 128.0 ± 27.2 mm Hg; P = .002), lower diastolic pressure on arrival (50.0 ± 6.3 vs 69.5 ± 15.8 mm Hg; P = .003), lower hemoglobin on arrival (6.7 ± 1.1 vs 9.1 ± 2.4 g/dL; P = .021), and more persistent shock status preendoscopy (80.0% vs 13.3%; P = .002). There was no significant difference in factors including duration of procedure and rates of recurrent bleeding, postprocedure complication, and mortality. Conclusions Heart disease, lower blood pressure or hemoglobin level on arrival, and persistent shock before endoscopy are associated with increased risk for procedure-related MI.