Enrichment of Oil in Corn Fiber by Size Reduction and Floatation of Aleurone Cells

The phytosterol-containing oil in the corn fiber (corn fiber oil) has potential use as a natural low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering nutraceutical but its low concentration (1-3%) makes it difficult and expensive to extract. Pretreatment of corn fiber with dilute acid or glucosidases removed nonlipid components of fiber, producing oil-enriched fractions that should be more amenable to efficient and inexpensive oil extraction. Acid, as well as enzymes, significantly increased the content of corn fiber oil and its phytosterol compounds by hydrolyzing (and removing) the starch and nonstarch (cell wall) polysaccharides from the wet-milled corn fiber. Dual treatment of the fiber with acid and enzyme greatly increased the concentrations of corn fiber oil and its phytosterol components, compared with acid or enzyme treatments alone. Depending on the treatment, the oil concentration in the residual solids increased from 0.3 to 10.8% (21-771% increase in conc.) and the total phytosterol concentration increased from 19.8 to 1256.2 mg/g of fiber (11-710% increase in conc.) compared with untreated fiber.