On the behavior of Koch island fractal boundary microstrip patch antenna

The properties of the Koch island fractal boundary microstrip patch antenna are presented. The behavior at the fundamental mode and the existence of high-order modes that exhibit localized current density distributions is discussed. The main features are the size reduction of the patch resonating at the fundamental frequency when compared to Euclidean-shaped patches, and the application of localized modes in designing microstrip patch antennas with directive patterns.