An efficient synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives from 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-d-galactose and their cytotoxic activities

A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives has been developed. Isopropylidenation of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-d-galactose with 2,2-dimethoxypropane, followed by selective hydrolysis, afforded 2,3-O-isopropylidene-4-chloro-4-deoxy-d-galactose di-methyl acetal (3) as a sole product. Oxidation of compound 3 with (Bu3Sn)2O–Br2 gave corresponding hex-5-ulose derivative in high yields. The hex-5-ulose derivative reacted with o-phenylenediamines under neutral conditions to afford quinoxaline derivatives in reasonable yields. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of these quinoxaline derivatives were investigated.