New markers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

The availability of "new" biochemical markers of myocardial injury such as creatine kinase isoforms and troponins has renewed the interest for rapid confirmation/exclusion of myocardial infarction in patients presented to the hospital for suspected acute myocardial ischemia. Many of these protein markers have the potential to allow the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at a time from the onset of symptoms when the activity of creatine kinase MB is still within the reference range. However, the exclusion of classical myocardial infarction as defined by WHO criteria does not allow to conclude that the patient is at low-risk and can be safely sent home since he may have high-risk unstable angina. The sensitivity for the detection of myocardial damage of troponins is such that a substantial proportion of patients with unstable angina develop elevations of troponins in the absence of creatine kinase MB increases. It is now clear that such patients have an increased risk of cardiac events over the short and long-term similar to that of patients with definite myocardial infarction. Such finding may help in developing selective admission policies and deciding which patients deserve aggressive treatment.