Evidence for the action potential mediating the changes to contraction observed in cardiac hypertrophy in the rabbit

Background: We investigated the effects of cardiac hypertrophy on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, the amounts of proteins involved in calcium regulation and the influence of the action potential on such changes. Methods: Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rabbits by constriction of the ascending aorta. They were kept for 6 weeks then the heart was removed and left ventricular myocytes isolated. A portion of these myocytes was immediately frozen and stored for subsequent protein analyses using Western blotting. Results: After aortic banding, cardiac myocyte two-dimensional area and membrane capacitance were increased by 53% and 23% respectively. Hypertrophy prolonged cell contraction and relaxation and the corresponding Indo-1 Ca2+ transients. Hypertrophied cells displayed longer action potentials but Ca2+ current densities were unchanged compared with myocytes from sham hearts. If Ca2+ was released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum using rapid cooling, so bypassing the normal mechanisms involved in excitation–contraction coupling, then no functional differences between hypertrophied and control cells could be observed. Western blot analysis showed that the amounts of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, its regulatory protein phospholamban and the sodium/calcium exchanger were unchanged whereas the amount of calsequestrin was increased by 65% and the α1 subunit of the sodium/potassium ATPase was reduced by 72%. These changes do not appear to evoke functional consequences under these conditions. Conclusion: In this model of cardiac hypertrophy, the increase in action potential duration is responsible for changes in contraction and relaxation.