A comparative study of the in vitro antioxidant activity of statins

Background: Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with statins is remarkably effective in cardiovascular prevention. This has led to the hypothesis that these drugs may act on the atherosclerotic plaque by mechanism(s) independent of the reduction of serum cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to assess the total antioxidant activity of the most prescribed statins: fluvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin. Methods: We measured the in vitro antioxidant activity of statins as their ability to antagonize the oxidation of α-keto-γ-methiolbutyric acid by both hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. The results are expressed as Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity (TOSC) units. Uric acid and Trolox were used as the reference antioxidants. Results: The scavenging capacity towards hydroxyl radicals was highest for simvastatin (3375±112 U/mg), a value 270.2% higher (P<0.0001) compared to uric acid (reference antioxidant vs. hydroxyl radicals, 1249±71 U/mg). Among the tested statins, fluvastatin exhibited the highest anti-peroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (8755±187 U/mg) which appeared 50% lower (P<0.0001) compared to Trolox (reference antioxidant vs. peroxyl radicals, 17 460±379 U/mg). Conclusions: All the statins tested have intrinsic antioxidant activity with both anti-hydroxyl and peroxyl radical activity. Simvastatin was the most effective as an anti-hydroxyl radical antioxidant and fluvastatin as an anti-peroxyl radical antioxidant.