Morphofunctional characteristics of the right ventricle in Chagasʹ dilated cardiomyopathy

Right ventricular involvement is a typical characteristic of Chagasʹ disease, and it has been described especially in the early stages of the disease. However, the role of right ventricular dysfunction in cardiac failure due to Chagasʹ cardiomyopathy has not been well established. Seventy-four patients with positive serology tests for Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagasʹ dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction were studied. Clinical history, physical exam, ECG, chest X-ray and Doppler echocardiogram with color flow mapping were obtained in all. Mean age was 47.5±12.9 and 51 were males (69%). Sixty-five patients (88%) were in NYHA functional classes I and II. Mild systolic dysfunction was present in 35 (47%) while in 18 (24%), dysfunction was moderate and in 21 (28%) it was severe. In 43 patients (58%), only the left ventricle was involved by echocardiographic criteria; the remaining 31 patients (42%) showed biventricular involvement. No patient had isolated involvement of the right ventricle. Greater dilation of the right ventricle was associated with larger diastolic (p<0.002) and systolic (p<0.001) diameters of the left ventricle. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure was obtained non-invasively in 54 patients. Pulmonary hypertension was associated with right ventricular dilation (p<0.005) and with systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (p<0.001). In this group of patients with Chagasʹ dilated cardiomyopathy, right ventricular dysfunction was present when there was associated and significant involvement of the left ventricle and with higher levels of pulmonary pressure.