Macroscopic assessment of porcine coronary vessel wall trauma after percutaneous cardiac catheterization and intervention

A macroscopic pathological assessment of the coronary arteries of a pigʹs heart, in which stent implantation and intra-vascular ultrasound and thermography pullbacks were performed, shows that during percutaneous coronary catheterization and intervention, one of the major vessel traumas occurs in the very proximal part of the coronary arteries, where the guiding catheter tip is manipulated to adequately engage the vessels.