DNA fingerprinting of Indian cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) varieties using RAPD and ISSR techniques

Indian cashew breeding programme has produced 24 selections and 11 hybrids with increased yield and excellent nut characters. Molecular profiles of these varieties were developed using a combination of five RAPD and four ISSR primers pre-selected for maximum discrimination and repeatability. A total of 94 markers were generated which discriminated all the varieties with a probability of identical match by chance of 2.8 × 10-11. There was no correlation between the relationships based on molecular data and the pedigree of the varieties. Narrow range of average similarity values among major cashew breeding centres with only 3.6% of molecular variance partitioned between them was attributed to the exchange of genetic material in developing varieties. Difference in the average similarity coefficients between selections and hybrids was low indicating the need and scope for identification of more parental lines in enhancing the effectiveness of hybridisation programme.