Equivalence constants for certain matrix norms II Original Research Article

We give an almost complete solution of a problem posed by Klaus and Li [A.-L. Klaus, C.-K. Li, Isometries for the vector (p, q) norm and the induced (p, q) norm, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 38 (1995) 315–332]. Klaus and Li’s problem, which arose during their investigations of isometries, was to relate the Frobenius (or Hilbert–Schmidt) norm of a matrix to various operator norms of that matrix. Our methods are based on earlier work of Feng [B.Q. Feng, Equivalence constants for certain matrix norms, Linear Algebra Appl. 374 (2003) 247–253] and Tonge [A. Tonge, Equivalence constants for matrix norms: a problem of Goldberg, Linear Algebra Appl. 306 (2000) 1–13], but introduce as a new ingredient some techniques developed by Hardy and Littlewood [G.H. Hardy, J.E. Littlewood, Bilinear forms bounded in space [p, q], Quart. J. Math. (Oxford) 5 (1934) 241–254].