Hierarchical open Leontief models Original Research Article

We study the concept of a nonnegative matrix inducing hierarchies and apply it to the nonnegative input–output matrix of the open Leontief model, leading to properties which are stronger than the feasibility of the model. We show some examples of these matrices. The characterization of nonnegative matrices inducing hierarchies for any permutation of indices leads to certain matrices of class M(x).