A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of kidney mimicking nephroblastoma

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the common malignant tumors in infants and children, but it is extremely rare in the kidney. In this paper, we present a case of RMS the kidney of a child. Case presentation: A 6-month old girl presented with agitation, low fever and abdominal distention which started 5 days ago. On physical examination, the infant had a large and firm soft tissue mass in the palpation of her abdomen. Plain abdominal x-ray, sonography and CT scan showed soft tissue mass and Doppler ultrasound demonstrated regions of vascular flow in mass. The abdominal mass was replaced and on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry the diagnosis was embryonal RMS. Conclusion: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the kidney should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with huge abdominal mass.