Deformation defects in nanocrystalline nickel

Defects induced by plastic deformation in electrodeposited, fully dense nanocrystalline (nc) Ni with an average grain size of 25 nm have been characterized by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The nc Ni was deformed under uniaxial tension at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Trapped full dislocations were observed in the grain interior and near the grain boundaries. In particular, these dislocations preferred to exist in the form of dipoles. Deformation twinning was confirmed in nc grains and the most proficient mechanism is the heterogeneous nucleation via emission of partial dislocations from the grain boundaries