Hydrogen in Zircaloy-4: effects of the neutron irradiation on the hydride formation

X-ray diffraction patterns of neutron irradiated Zircaloy-4 samples were obtained at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) to study the effects of the fast neutron fluxes and post-irradiation thermal treatments on the zirconium hydride evolution. The high intensity and resolution of the synchrotron beam allowed to detect the (111)d and (220)d diffraction peaks of the ZrH1.5 + x (0 £ x £ 0.16) d-phase in unirradiated Zircaloy-4 samples having a hydrogen concentration as low as 0.2 at.% (20 wppm). Then, irradiated samples, that were taken from the Zircaly-4 core components of the argentine HWPR Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant (CNA-1) were studied with that radiation to detect the diffraction peaks of ZrH1.5 + x d-phase particles precipitated in samples having hydrogen isotope concentration lower than 2 at.% (220 wppm). A significant increment of the (111)d and (220)d peak areas were observed at room temperature after post-irradiation thermal treatments at 600 C during 4 h. These results indicate that after the annealing a hydrogen concentration between 35 to 70 wppm, which were apparently absent in the irradiated samples has precipitated at room temperature as zirconium hydrides. That amount was estimated from a (220)d peak area versus the bulk H concentration regression line, made with unirradiated samples. These results get support to a hydrogen trapping hypothesis proposed in previous works. In addition, it has been shown that the zirconium hydride that precipitate in the irradiated samples have the equilibrium d-ZrH1.5 + x cubic crystalline structure