Preparation of highly cross-linked monodispersed functional polystyrene particles by utilizing the delayed addition method

A facile and effective method was successfully developed to prepare the highly cross-linked monodispersed PS particles via soap-free emulsion polymerization, in which the cross-linking agent (DVB) was delayed addition by varying time (Delayed Addition Method, DAM). Through this method, the highly cross-linked monodispersed particles with functional groups on its surface can be prepared. The particles prepared by DAM had a uniform size distribution for the St/DVB and St/HEMA/DVB system. For the St/DVB system, when the cross-linking agent (DVB) was added delay 3 or 7 h, cross-linked PS particles could be successfully prepared without a significant change in the narrow particle size distribution even containing up to 40 wt% of DVB. Similarly, for the St/HEMA/DVB system, by delayed addition of DVB for 3 h, stable and monodispersed polymer particles still could be prepared even the containing of DVB reach to 60 wt%. Moreover, when the feed composition of the DVB kept constant, the longer the delayed addition time of DVB, the better the monodispersity of the cross-linked particles were