Metal speciation and pH effect on Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd biosorption onto Sphaerotilus natans: Langmuir-type empirical model

Biosorption data of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium onto Sphaerotilus natans at different equilibrium pH (3–5 units) were here reported and analysed. Experimental results outlined the positive effect of pH increase on pollutant uptake and also the biomass affinity series (Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd) reflecting the hydrolytic properties of metals. An original empirical model was proposed to represent the effect of pH on heavy metal biosorption inserting qmax vs. pH empirical functions into the classical Langmuir isotherm.