Double-stub structure for resonant-type optical modulators using 20-T(mu)m-thick electrode

We propose a resonant-type LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator with low halfwave voltage. We optimize the phase constant of the electric wave with thick electrodes to reduce the halfwave voltage. The halfwave voltage of the fabricated modulator with 20-~m-thick electrodes is 5.8 V at 10.6 GHz.