Scaling behavior of crowd flow outside a hall

Crowd flow going outside a hall is investigated by using the lattice–gas model of pedestrian flow. Some different dynamical states are distinguished for the crowd flow. It is shown that a dynamical phase transition occurs from the choking flow to the decaying flow at a critical time tc. In the choking-flow region, a scaling behavior is found as follows: the crowd flow rate J scales as J∝W0.88±0.02 and the transition time tc scales as tc∝W−1.16±0.01, where W is the size of door.