Thermodynamic potential of the periodic Anderson model with the X-boson method: chain approximation

The periodic Anderson model (PAM) in the U→∞ limit has been studied in a previous work employing the cumulant expansion with the hybridization as perturbation (Figueira et al., Phys. Rev. B 50 (1994) 17 933). When the total number of electrons Nt is calculated as a function of the chemical potential μ in the “chain approximation” (CHA), there are three values of the chemical potential μ for each Nt in a small interval of Nt at low T (Physica A 208 (1994) 279). We have recently introduced the “X-boson” method, inspired in the slave boson technique of Coleman, that solves the problem of nonconservation of probability (completeness) in the CHA as well as removing the spurious phase transitions that appear with the slave boson method in the mean field approximation. In the present paper, we show that the X-boson method solves also the problem of the multiple roots of Nt(μ) that appear in the CHA.