Performance simulation and design optimization of gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifiers based on distributed Bragg reflectors

Performance of the gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier (GC-SOA) based on distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structures is investigated by a comprehensive broad-band time-domain traveling wave model. Critical factors, e.g., the material gain profile, the waveguide grating structures, the longitudinal variation of the optical field, and the carrier density as well as the broad-band spontaneous noise emission are considered in the model. The effects of operation parameters (e.g., the electrical bias current and the input optical power) and design parameters (e.g., the normalized coupling coefficient (kappa)L and the lasing wavelength position (lambda)/sub L/) on device performance are examined in detail. Based on the results of the performance simulation, guidelines for design optimization are discussed and, in particular, unbalanced grating configurations combined with nonuniform current injection schemes are proposed to reduce the noise figure without much sacrifice on other device performance.