Time-dependent perturbation theory in quantum cosmology Original Research Article

We describe radiative processes in quantum cosmology, from the solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. By virtue of this constraint equation, the quantum propagation of gravity is modified by the matter interaction Hamiltonian at the level of amplitudes. In this we generalize previous works where gravity was coupled only to expectation values of matter operators. By a “reduction formula” we show how to obtain transition amplitudes from the entangled gravity + matter system. Then we show how each transition among matter constituents of the universe determines dynamically its background from which a time parameter is defined. Finally, we leave the mini-superspace context by introducing an extended formalism in which the momenta of the exchanged quanta no longer vanish. Then, the concept of spatial displacement emerges from radiative processes like the time parametrization did, thereby unifying the way by which space and time intervals are recovered in quantum cosmology.