Finite element simulation of mold filling using marker particles and the κ-ϵ model of turbulence Original Research Article

An algorithm of tracking the free surface, during the filling of castings with molten metal, is developed from the Marker And Cell (MAC) technique [1]. The Navier-Stokes equations, for incompressible, non-steady Newtonian flows, are solved by the finite element method. The turbulence state is defined by the κ-ϵ model. A preliminary experimental study showed that a zero boundary-value of the stress vector may be applied along the free surface of the metal. The free surface can be visualized at any time of the process.