Characterization of electromagnetic devices via reduced-order models Original Research Article

Efficient procedures are presented for simultaneously characterizing the time and frequency domain behavior of 3D electromagnetic devices. The procedures work in the complex-frequency domain on either the finite element or boundary element formulation of Maxwellʹs equations. Various approximation techniques are used to derive reduced-order models describing the system transfer functions of the 3D device. Two different methods for evaluating reduced-order models are presented. One is called Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) and is combined with the finite element method; the other is called Adaptive Lanzcos—Padé Sweep (ALPS) and is combined with the boundary element method. The resulting reduced-order models provide the frequency domain behavior of the device over a broad bandwidth. Using the inverse Laplace transform, these reduced-order models can also provide the time domain behavior of the device. Several numerical examples have been run using commercial EDA software to demonstrate that this solution procedure is a highly efficient and accurate way to characterize the electromagnetic performance of real-life devices.