hp-Vector finite element method for eigenmode analysis of waveguides Original Research Article

A new stable variational formulation for full-wave analysis of waveguides is presented. Numerical experiments show that the method remains stable at very low frequencies. Theoretical results apply to a wide class of vector finite elements including two families of Nedelec [Numer. Math. 35 (1980) 315; Numer. Math. 50 (1986) 57] and their generalization, hp-edge elements [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 152 (1998) 103; Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 169 (1999) 331].