CalculationofequivalentstaticloadsanditsapplicationOriginalResearchArticle

Alltheforcesintherealworldactdynamicallyonstructures.Sincedynamicloadsareextremelydifficulttohandleinanalysisanddesign,staticloadsareusuallyutilizedwithdynamicfactors.Generally,thedynamicfactorsaredeterminedfromdesigncodesorexperience.Therefore,staticloadsmaynotgiveaccuratesolutionsinanalysisanddesignandstructuralengineersoftencomeupwithunreliablesolutions.Twodifferentmethodsareproposedforthetransformationofdynamicloadsintoequivalentstaticloads(ESLs).OneisananalyticalmethodforexactESLsandtheotherisanapproximationmethod.TheexactESLsarecalculatedtogenerateidenticalresponsefieldssuchasdisplacementandstresswiththosefromdynamicloadsatacertaintime.Someapproximationmethodsareproposedinengineeringapplications,whichgeneratesimilarresponsefieldsfromdynamicloads.Theyaredividedintothedisplacement-basedapproachandthestress-basedapproach.Theprocessisderivedandevaluatedmathematically.Standardexamplesareselectedandsolvedbytheproposedmethodanderroranalysesareconducted.Applicationsofthemethodtostructuraloptimizationarediscussed.