Bifurcation analysis for a tri-neuron discrete-time BAM neural network with delays

In this paper, a tri-neuron discrete-time BAM neural network with delays is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local asymptotic stability of the null solution and the existence of Neimark–Sacker bifurcations are discussed. By using the normal form theory and center manifold reduction, we derive explicit formulae to determine the stability and direction. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the main results.