Yang-Mills theory as an Abelian theory without gauge fixing

A general procedure to reveal an Abelian structure of Yang-Mills theories by means of a (nonlocal) change of variables, rather than by gauge fixing, in the space of connections is proposed. The Abelian gauge group is isomorphic to the maximal Abelian subgroup of the Yang-Mills gauge group, but not its subgroup. A Maxwell field of the Abelian theory contains topological degrees of freedom of original Yang-Mills fields which generate monopole-like and flux-like defects upon an Abelian projection. ʹt Hooftʹs conjecture that “monopole” dynamics is projection independent is proved for a special class of Abelian projections. A partial duality and a dynamical regime in which the theory may have massive excitations being knot-like solitons are discussed.