The renormalization group for correlated scales: one-stage versus two-stage running

Nonrelativistic bound states have two low energy scales, a soft scale μS of order mv and an ultrasoft scale μU of order mv2. In two-stage running, the soft and ultrasoft scales are lowered from m to mv, and then the ultrasoft scale is lowered from mv to mv2. In one-stage running, the two scales are lowered in a correlated way using a subtraction velocity. We compare these two methods of summing logarithms and show that only the correlated running in velocity space of the one-stage method correctly reproduces the logarithms in nonrelativistic bound states in QED. The argument for one-stage running is general, and should apply to any system with correlated scales.