Monopoles, axions and intermediate mass dark matter

We present a solution to the cosmological problem encountered in (supersymmetric) grand unified theories due to copious monopole production at the end of hybrid inflation. By employing thermal inflation `drivenʹ by the U(1) axion symmetry, the superheavy monopole flux can be naturally suppressed to values that should be accessible to dedicated large scale experiments. The U(1) axion symmetry also helps generate the right magnitude for the μ term of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. An important by-product is the predicted existence of stable or very long-living fermions possessing intermediate scale masses of order 1012 GeV. Their presence is required for implementing thermal inflation, and their stability is due to a Z2 symmetry. They may constitute a sizable fraction of cold dark matter, and possibly help explain the ultra-high energy cosmic ray events. The rest of cold dark matter may consist of axions. Although our discussion is carried out within the framework of supersymmetric SU(4)c×SU(2)L×SU(2)R, it can be extended to other grand unified gauge groups such as SU(3)c×SU(3)L×SU(3)R or SO(10).