Further studies of the effects of exhaust from two-stroke outboard motors on fish

Rainbow trout were exposed to an n-hexane extract of engine exhaust condensate by intra peritoneal (i.p.) injection or by feeding with contaminated home-made cod chips. Exposure levels were calculated and chosen to reflect those conditions possibly experienced by fish in their natural habitats. Disruption of biological functions has been observed at different levels of biological organization including cellular and subcellular processes (DNA-adduct levels and enzyme activity) and physiological functions (carbohydrate metabolism). Female and male fish may be affected to a varying degree by these types of pollutants.