Restoration of immunity after suppression induced by xenobiotics in fish: in vitro and in vivo studies

Fish are exposed to toxic chemicals such as chemotherapeutants, applied for therapy or prevention of infectious diseases, and pollutants that adversely affect fish health. In this study we analyzed the potential for restoration of cell-mediated immunity and specific immune responses following immunosuppression induced by exposure to antibiotics and pesticides. Modulation of suppressed defense mechanisms has been attempted using lysozyme dimer (KLP-602, Nika Health Products, USA), a natural immunomodulator. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that KLP-602 modulated the cell-mediated immunity that was suppressed by experimental exposure to antibiotics or pesticides and could be used for elimination of the immunosuppressive effects of xenobiotics in fish.