Extinction and permanence in nonautonomous competitive system with stage structure ✩

In this paper, the n-species nonautonomous stage-structured competitive system is constructed and considered. Sufficient conditions for its extinction and permanence are obtained. Results here generalize and unify some previous ones. Moreover, it is concluded that stage structure in this system is one of the important factors that effect the extinction and permanence of species.  2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.