A finite element simulation of tidal circulation in the Gulf of Kutch, India

A finite element (fe) model using the software package ADCIRC was developed to simulate the tides and currents in the Gulf of Kutch, located on the northwest coast of India. The surface elevations from the model were analysed for the amplitudes and phases of four major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1 and O1) and the principal overtide (M4) and compared with observed values. Model currents were compared with observations at three locations along with the corresponding results from a finite difference (fd) model for the same region. The results were found to be consistent, with the fe model providing improved resolution in key areas. Residual circulation evaluated by forcing the fe model withM2 tide and winds (those typical of the southwest monsoon) show currents, which are directed upstream in the shallow region of the Gulf. A better simulation of lateral variations in currents in the fe model helps in identifying relative differences in tidal circulation and residual circulation between the deep and shallow regions of the gulf.