Collaborative learning: Improving public deliberation in ecosystem-based management

Collaborative learning is an innovation in public participation theory and practice. It is designed to address the complexity and controversy inherent in public land management by combining elements of systems methods and mediation/dispute management. Collaborative learning activities put more emphasis on experiential learning theory, systemic improvement, and constructive discourse than do typical public participation programs. Collaborative learning was used in a series of public meetings held as part of the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area land management planning process. The final plan incorporated several ideas that emerged from the process, and a follow-up survey of participants found favorable impressions of the collaborative learning framework.