Structural characterization of extracellular polysaccharides produced by fungi from the genus Pleurotus

The extracellular polysaccharides produced in liquid cultures of the ligninolytic fungi Pleurotus cornucopiae, P. eryngii, P. floridanus, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju showed similar composition and structure. They included a minor water-soluble fraction, containing d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose and protein (rich in amide- and hydroxyl-containing residues which can be involved in protein-polysaccharide linkages). The structural analysis of this fraction mainly showed α-(1 → 4)-linked glucose units. The structure of the major fraction (amounting to more than 80% of the total extracellular polysaccharide) was investigated in detail. Its low solubility was attributed to the high Mr. For its characterization a procedure of progressive dissolution and dialysis was set up. The methylation analysis showed that it was a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan and that approximately 25% of the total units were C-6 branched. This result was confirmed by the intensities of the signals assigned to C-3 and C-6, free and substituted, in 13C-NMR spectra. Additional studies showed linear polysaccharides after one-cycle Smith degradation or after glucan acetolysis. Both results, as well as glucose release after the latter treatment, indicated that the C-6 linked side chains are constituted by single glucose residues, on every second or third unit of the main chain of the (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan.