Overall carbohydrate-binding properties of Castanea crenata agglutinin (CCA) Original Research Article

The carbohydrate-binding properties of Castanea crenata agglutinin (CCA) were investigated by an enzyme-linked lectin absorbent assay. The binding ability of each carbohydrate was compared using IC50 values. CCA exhibited mannose/glucose specificity, as observed with many mannose-binding jacalin-related lectins. For oligosaccharides containing glucose, it has been shown that the degree of polymerization and the linkage mode of glucose residues have no effect on CCA–carbohydrate interaction; thus, only the non-reducing end glucose unit in glucooligosaccharides may be involved in the interaction with CCA. Among mannooligosaccharides, CCA strongly recognized α-(1→3)-d-Man-[α-d-Man-(1→6)]-d-Man, which is a core in N-linked carbohydrate chains. By considering the results with glycoproteins, it is likely that CCA binds preferentially to mono- or non-sialylated biantennary carbohydrate chains. We also obtained Kd values by analysis of the dependency of the IC50 on CCA concentration, based on the hypothesis that CCA has a single binding site or two equivalent binding sites. The estimated Kd values for mannose, glucose and α-(1→3)-d-Man-[α-d-Man-(1→6)]-d-Man were 2.39, 7.19 and 0.483 mM, respectively. The relative binding abilities showed good agreement with the relative inhibition intensities. Isothermal calorimetric titration was carried out to directly estimate the dissociation constants of CCA for mannose and for α-d-Man-(1→3)-d-Man. The values were 2.34 mM for mannose and 0.507 mM α-d-Man-(1→3)-d-Man. These results suggest that the relative inhibition intensity represents the ratio of Kd values and that CCA has a single or two equivalent binding sites.